neotomodon (Western diminutive woodrat) and N. Nelsonia is a genus of rodent endemic to Mexican highlands with only two species: N. Our results along with fossil data suggest that likely the genus Nelsonia diverged from Repomys or Protorepomys in the region of Californian-Rocky Mountains of the United States of America, and posteriorly invaded the Western Sierra Madre and Transmexican Volcanic Belt in Mexico. #Sonia silvestre esta es sonia rar fullFurther evidence may support a rank of full species for each of the four clades. neotomodon during the late Miocene, and was formed by four highly divergent lineages. Nelsonia goldmani was also monophyletic, diverged from N. The genus Nelsonia was monophyletic and sister group of the current Xenomys, Hodomys, and Neotoma diverging in the middle-late Miocene. Divergence time was performed to infer the biogeographic history. Sequences were analyzed by Bayesian and maximum likelihood to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis. We amplified two mitochondrial markers: cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 from specimens collected recently and museum samples from the type locality in 1903 to 1981 sampling half the known individuals reported to date. The aim of this study was to infer the phylogenetic position of Nelsonia within the Cricetidae family, to determine whether the two species are monophyletic groups, and to assess the intraspecific genetic variation of N. The phylogenetic position of this genus is poorly known, and its interspecific and intraspecific relationships are unclear. This genus is of great phylogenetic interest, but has been ignored in most taxonomic studies and revisions due to the scarcity of its representatives in museum collections. Nelsonia is a Mexican endemic genus of woodrat and includes only two uncommon species: N. The paleodistribution suggested that both species of Nelsonia have contractions and expansions of niche suitability in the past. The current niche suitability showed that the two species have small and restricted potential habitats highlighting the need to reevaluate the current international conservation category of N. The results revealed significant differences in niche centroid, low niche overlap, and no niche equivalence or similarity, suggesting niche divergence. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the environmental niche of both species, to test environmental differences, overlap, equivalence, and niche similarity, and lastly, to build their current niche model and paleodistribution for three past scenarios: Pliocene, Last Interglacial, and Last Glacial Maximum. However, no other evidence exists about the biogeographic history of both species that improve the explanation about how past climate events affected their distribution, as well as whether the current environmental space occupied by both species are similar such as previous studies have argued. goldmani in the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. neotomodon in the Sierra Madre Occidental and N. Recently, a biogeographic hypothesis for the genus pointed out that Nelsonia after diverging from Repomys or Protorepomys in the Californian-Rocky Mountains in USA, the Mexican highlands in Mexico played a significant role in how the two species of Nelsonia became established in two different mountain ranges: N. goldmani are recognized inhabiting in similar temperate environments. Nelsonia is an extant genus of North American woodrats, in which most of the biological information remains unknown. Further research is needed to plan conservation actions to protect its populations. The possible environmental specificity and the lack of sampling focused on specific microhabitats could explain the low detection of the species thus far. Regarding fieldwork, we collected only five individuals in two localities. The ENM analysis showed that the environmental suitability areas for this species are restricted and isolated with an apparent lack of environmental connectivity. Our results identified only 43 specimens in biological collections, whose collecting localities had not been reported previously. goldmani in the field over a 2-year period. We searched specimens in biological collections, carried out an ecological niche modeling (ENM) analysis and looked for individuals of N. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize collecting records, confirm the presence of this species in the field and estimate its ecological niche. Few individuals have been reported in scarce localities after being discovered in 1903 resulting in a lack of knowledge about its geographic distribution and actual presence in its habitat such situation makes this species of national interest priority for conservation. Nelsonia goldmani is an uncommon rodent, endemic to highland microhabitats in central Mexico.
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